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Currently, control of plant pathogens requires employment of alternative techniques because traditional handling with synthetic chemicals has been caused various problems such as toxicity to users (Whalen et al., 2003) and impairment of beneficial organisms (Anderson et al., 2003). Another important aspect is that pathogenic organisms have generated resistance to the active ingredient of some synthetic fungicides in response to selection pressure due to high dose and continuous applications, causing great economic losses (Cooke et al., 2003; Leroux, 2003). An economical and efficient alternative for disease control is the use of natural products derived from plants (secondary metabolites) (Wilson et al., 1999), since it does not affect environment and their residues are easy to degrade. On the other hand, vegetal biodiversity in Mexico is available to be exploited, especially by their natural non-toxic, biodegradable compounds (Hernandez et al., 2007). The potential use of plant extracts to control plant pathogens has been reported in different laboratory (Hernandez et al., 2010; Castillo et al., 2010; Jasso de Rodriguez et al., 2007; Lira et al., 2003; Osorio et al., 2010), greenhouse (Bergeron et al., 1995) and field studies (Hernandez et al., 2006, 2008). Based on the popular uses of plants in the Coahuila Southern region, botanical resources can be identifying by their antimicrobial potential against plant pathogens. However, still there is a lack of research in this field. As previously mentioned, there is a need for new plant disease management options with lower environmental and economic impact, which expresses a similar or greater effect in controlling pathogens. Mexico is one of the five countries with major biodiversity. It owns 10% of the world diversity with numerous endemic plant species. The arid and semi-arid areas cover 1,028,055 km2, distributed in 19 states with less than 350 mm of rainfall per year, or 350-600 mm of annual rainfall, respectively. In Mexico, the Chihuahuan Desert is one of the most biologically rich deserts of the world. It covers an approximate area of 630,000 km2, spanning the states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Durango, Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi, to until the Southwestern United States, corresponding to Arizona, New Mexico and Texas States (Fig. 1). In this desert are predominantly brushwood and grassland, among species highlighting the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) (Jasso & Rodriguez, 2007).

Plant Extracts from Mexican Native Species: An Alternative for Control of Plant Pathogens