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Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of genetically altered cells and its emergence requires several elements, including self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, evasion of apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, tissue invasion and metastasis, and sustained angiogenesis (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). Cancer is thought to evolve along a multi-step process, cancer cells are the descendants of a normal cell in which some kind of internal or external stress causes a change in its genetic code. This event is said to “initiate” the cell to a precancerous state. In a second stage, this precancerous cell divides in response to a promoting agent to produce daughter cells, and these daughter cells divide to produce more daughter cells, and so on. The genetic instabilities passed down through the generations finally result in one cell that no longer requires the promoting agent to stimulate its proliferation, and a cancer cell is born with the ability to make proteins such as growth factors that stimulate proliferation. Finally in the third stage of carcinogenesis, progression, this cancer cells divides to produce daughter cells, these cells also divide, and soon there is a population of cancer cells with the ability to invade and metastasize (Vincent & Gatenby, 2008).

Searching for Analogues of the Natural Compound, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, with Chemprotective Activity