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The nowadays commonly used term asthma comes from Greek language and means "panting". Currently, asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways where many cells and cellular elements play significant roles. In susceptible individuals, this inflammation causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness and chest tightness accompanied by coughing, occurring very often during the night or early morning. These episodes are widely associated with a variable airflow obstruction that is either spontaneously reversible, or controllable by a suitable treatment. Asthma can be controlled by recognizing its alarming signs and by avoiding stimuli triggering the attack. During an asthma episode, the airways become extremely narrow due to a muscle constriction, swelling of the inner lining and a mucus production. Fig. 1 compares the airway bronchi of a healthy subject and a patient with an ongoing asthmatic bronchoconstriction. These repetitive episodes can cause a very limited airflow and may lead to unexpected fatalities. Factors, playing role in bronchial asthma can be divided into three groups. Among the first, internal factors are such as genetic predisposition and the state of immune system. The second factors are classified as external triggers and include for example allergens like pollen, mold spores, dust mites or animal dander. However, indoor and outdoor pollutants and irritants such as smoke, perfumes, cleaning agents, etc., can also belong to this group. The third group consists of physical factors, especially exercise and cold air, and physiological factors like stress, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or viral and bacterial upper respiratory infection. Severity of asthma is traditionally classified as mild, moderate and severe depending on its symptoms, rescue inhaler use and function parameters of lungs. While on controller therapy, each of these groups is further classified as well controlled, not well controlled or poorly controlled, based on the presence and frequency of symptoms, and lung function (GINA 2010).

Determination of Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate: A Perspective Way in Bronchial Asthma Diagnostics