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The soft sediment deformation structures formed by liquefaction or fluidization in the unconsolidated and cohesionless sediments during deposition or later (Lowe, 1975; Owen, 1996). These structures composed of overpressure of sediments, storm waves, sudden oscillation of groundwater or seismic shakings (Allen, 1982; Owen, 1987, 1996; Molina et al., 1998). All kinds of earthquake induced soft sediment deformation structures are called as “seismite” (Seilacher, 1969). Seismites frequently observed in lacustrine deposits alike other depositional environments (Sims, 1975; Hempton et al., 1983; Seilacher, 1984; Davenport & Ringrose, 1987; Ringrose, 1989; Mohindra & Bagati, 1996; Alfaro et al., 1997; Calvo et al., 1998; Rodriguez-Pascua et al., 2000; Bowman et al., 2004; Neuwerth et al., 2006; Moretti & Sabato, 2007). Seismites can occur with seismic tremor (M≥5) (Fukuoka, 1971; Kuribayashi & Tatsuoka, 1975; Atkinson, 1984; Ambraseys, 1988) and they use for determination of the location and density of seismic activity (Sims, 1975; Weaver, 1976; Hempton et al., 1983; Talwani & Cox, 1985; Scott & Price, 1988; Ringrose, 1989). The purposes of this study are; to determine the types of deformation structures in Lake Van deposits, to interpret the triggering mechanism and to discuss the importance of these structures in regional tectonic.

The Traces of Earthquake (Seismites): Examples from Lake Van Deposits (Turkey)