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For two decades, FMS was diagnosed based on the criteria established on 1990 by the American College of Rheumatology, i.e. by the identification of widespread pain of at least 3 months duration, and pain and tenderness evoked by palpation in at least 11 of 18 specific bodily sites (Wolfe et al., 1990). Recently, the ACR preliminary diagnostic recommendations for fibromyalgia abandoned the tender point examination criterion, and were established as the following 3 conditions: (i) Widespread Pain Index (WPI) equal to or greater than 7 and Symptom Severity Score (SS) equal to or greater than 5, or WPI ranging between 3 and 6 and the SS equal to or greater than 9; (ii) steady presence of symptoms for at least 3 months; and (iii) the absence of a disorder that would otherwise explain the pain. Despite being highly prevalent, the etiology and pathophysiology of FMS remains obscure. Diverse factors contributing to this condition have so far been identified, however none has been proven unequivocally responsible. Due to limited understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of FMS, a diversity of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions alone and in combination have been attempted to treat the symptoms, largely on a trial-and-error basis. However, this condition remains largely refractory to treatment.

intech ebooks

The Affective-Motivational Domain of the McGill Pain Questionnaire Discriminates Between Two Distinct Fibromyalgia Patient Subgroups – A Preliminary Study Based on Self-Organizing Maps