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Venous vascular extension is one of the aggressive tumor behaviors especially for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It has been reported that 4% to 10% have tumor thrombus extending into the venous system among patients with newly diagnosed RCC (Marshall et al., 1970; Hoehn & Hermanek, 1983; Casanova & Zingg, 1991; Hatcher et al., 1991; Pagano et al., 1992). Compared with conservative treatment regimens, surgical resection remains the most effective treatment for these patients (Staehler & Brkovic, 2000). The mean 5-year survival rates of such patients with inferior vena cava involvement undergoing radical surgery for RCC have been reported as 32% to 64% (Neves & Zincke, 1987; Skinner et al., 1989; Montie et al., 1991; Swierzewski et al., 1994; Glazer & Novick, 1996).

Prognostic Impact of Perirenal Fat or Adrenal Gland Involvement in Renal Cell Carcinoma Exhibiting Venous Vascular Extension