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Allergy includes a variety of different illnesses (rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, and dermatitis) with a common pathological basis due to the release of chemical mediators such as histamine, platelet-activating factor, metabolites of arachidonic acid, and chemotactic factors from mastocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. The keyrole of leukotrienes (LTs) as mediators in allergic and inflammatory response justifies the new pharmacologic category of Cysteinil LT antagonists as possible therapeutic use in other allergic diseases beyond asthma (Leonardi et al., 2007). Since 1938, known as slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis (Feldberg & Kellaway, 1938), LTs have been products of the arachidonic acid methabolism pathway by the action of 5lipoxygenase. LTs are generated by a number of cells including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils, which appear in the airways of patients with asthma and in the skin of patients with chronic urticaria (CU). They mediate chemotaxis, vascular permeability, edema, eosinophils migration, airway constriction, and smooth muscle contraction (Samuelsson et al., 1997). As their effect has a long time efficacy , these molecules are defined as “slow reacting substances”. Among LTs, LTB4, LTC4, and LTD4 have particularly potent effects. LTB4 is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes and is involved in the migration of granulocytes into tissues (Lewis et al., 1990; Wenzel et al., 1997). LTC4 evokes a wheal and flare reaction when intradermally injected. LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are chemical mediatoris of the inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, the overall biological effects of which are bronchial constriction and an increase in both mucus secretion and vascular permeability (Schleimer et al., 1986; Wenzel et al., 1990). There are two different LT inhibitors/modifiers: LT receptos antagonists (LTRAs; montelukast, zafirlukast, and Pranlukast). 5-Lypoxigenase inhibitor of LT synthesis (zileuton). Montelukast and zafirlukast block binding of cysteinil LTs to the cysLT1 receptor in the extracellular space. Zileuton inhibits 5-lipoxygenase and therefore all LT synthesis within

Leukotriene Antagonist Drugs as Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis and Comorbidities in Children