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The use of spouted beds in numerous chemical and pharmaceutical industrial processes and in the agricultural industry has become popular principally because they enable high rates of heat and mass transfer to take place between system phases. However, despite the advances achieved through research into spouted beds over the more than 50 years since their invention, it continues to be difficult to obtain detailed information regarding the hydrodynamics of this equipment. The constant movement of the particles and the geometric characteristics of the equipment are the principal factors complicating this evaluation. More specific information is still required about scaling up spouted beds and using data from half-column beds to infer data for full column beds. The half-column technique applied for hydrodynamic evaluation of spouted beds is very old. Nevertheless, many authors have stated that great care must be taken in their application to obtain experimental data for use in representing full-column spouted bed phenomena. The use of optical fiber sensors is currently one of the most commonly recommended techniques for this type of measurement. However, measuring the particle dynamics by inserting optical fiber sensors may produce inaccurate results, as calibration is extremely difficult and the sensors may cause perturbations within the bed. With regard to scaling up, larger spouted beds tend to be less stable and consequently harder to control and operate. This issue is difficult to study using experimental techniques because it relates directly to constructing beds on different scales. The flexibility of computational fluid dynamics, allied to the reliability of the simulated results that have already been proven by a range of studies, can contribute to this area. It enables the analysis of scaling up data in different configurations and scales and using fewer experimental modules, making it possible to conduct studies that remain difficult in the laboratory. With regard to the study of fluid movement, the most recent studies of fluid mechanics are still based on the same Navier-Stokes equations. Although they were proposed approximately 200 years ago, analytical solutions for the Navier-Stokes equations are known for just a few cases due to the non-linear nature of the partial differential equations (PDAs). There is still little knowledge of analytical solutions for this mathematical class, making it impossible to obtain a solution for arbitrary regions and general boundary conditions. These are the principal reasons why analytical evaluation of the movement of the fluids is very difficult. In light of this, treatments using experimental tests are

Use of Fluid Dynamic Simulation to Improve the Design of Spouted Beds