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Advances in minimally invasive urologic surgery have accumulated rapidly in recent years with the advent of laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgeries (Clayman, 1991; Guillonneau, 1999; Dasgupta, 2009; Lee, 2009). The procedures for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy are among those that have benefited from such innovation. Both laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted surgery have markedly reduced the invasiveness of surgeries compared to conventional open procedures; laparoscopic surgery is characterized by the use of endoscopy, insufflation with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, and insertion of instruments from several trocar ports, while robot-assisted surgery also incorporates stereovision and state-of-the-art movable instruments.

Gasless Single Port Surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Minimum Incision Endoscopic Surgery