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Childhood cancer represents 0.5–5.7% of all cancers (Birch & Blair, 1992; Smith & Gloecker, 2002). The most important kinds of cancer during childhood differ from those most frequently found in adulthood (Schellong, 1985). During infancy, the principal cancers are not epithelial, in contrast to those in the later stages of life (Miller, 1983). Therefore, it is possible that the risk factors for cancer are different during infancy than during adulthood; for children, risk factors may be present in utero or during the firsts months of the life (Draper, 1994). The age peak of cancer during infancy, especially those for leukemias and lymphomas, varies among countries. Although the peak age for leukemias worldwide is principally between 2–5 years of age, a peak as late as 7–13 years of age was reported for Niger (William, 1975). In developed countries such as Germany or the United States of America (USA), the age peak for lymphomas is between 10–14 years of age, whereas in less developed countries, Mexico for example, the age peak is between 5–9 years of age (FajardoGutierrez et al., 1995; Kaatsch et al., 1995; Nully-Brown et al., 1989; Young et al., 1986). Leukemia is the most common cancer in children under 15 years old, representing between 25–35% of all childhood cancers in most populations (Parkin et al., 1988, 1998). Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic malignancies, with several biologically distinct subgroups. The main subtypes of leukemia described by most cancer registries include acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), representing about 80% of all leukemias; AML, with a frequency of 15%; and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with a frequency of 3–5% (Bathia, 2003). ALL is the most frequent leukemia in infancy (Mejia Arangure et al., 2005a). The age

Childhood Acute Leukemias in Hispanic Population: Differences by Age Peak and Immunophenotype