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Water resources management, more and more limited and poor in quality, represents a present key issue in hydrology. The development of a community is highly related to the management of the water resources available for the community itself and there is a need, for this reason, to rationalize the existing resources, to plan water resources use, to preserve water quality and, on the other hand, to prevent flood risk. The importance of decision support systems tools, such as hydrological models, generating streamflow time series which are statistically equivalent to the observed streamflow time series, is even more important considering the combination of multiple and complex issues concurring in the definition and optimization of water resources management practices. When river basins with particular features have to be modelled, both traditionally conceptually based models and more recent sophisticated distributed models appear to give not very reliable results. In those cases it is possible to take advantage of a semi-distributed formulation, where every sub-catchment is modelled to account for its features and informations coming from all the sub-catchments are related to each other in order to improve the system description. In this study, starting from the application of a catchment scale modelling tool, we propose a semi-distributed conceptually based framework, able to describe the sub-catchment scale systems hydrological response. The modelling approach is supported by field measurements collected within several seasonal campaigns, that has been set up for the Bussento river basin, located in Southern Italy, well known to hydrogeology and geomorphology scientists for its karst features, characterized by soils and rocks with highly different hydraulic permeability and above all an highly hydrogeological conditioning. The groundwater circulation is very complex, as it will be later discussed, and groundwater inflows from the outside of the hydrological watershed and groundwater outflows toward surrounding drainage systems frequently occur. With the aim to enhance the knowledge of the interaction between the groundwater and surface water and acknowledged the substantial help given by natural isotope tracers experiments to solve hydrological complex systems circulations problems, radon-in water concentrations have also been collected, in a limited number of cross sections, along the upper Bussento river reach.

intech ebooks

Water Resources Assessment for Karst Aquifer Conditioned River Basins: Conceptual Balance Model Results and Comparison with Experimental Environmental Tracers Evidences