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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affecting the colonic mucosa; it is of unknown etiology (Baumgart & Carding, 2007). UC clinically displays bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss, and often leads to a severe outcome since the therapeutic approaches, including corticosteroid and 5-aminosalicylic acid, are not always successful in inducing long-term remission (Baumgart & Sandborn, 2007). Although the incidence of UC varies from 1 to 15 per 100,000 population in different locations, it increases year by year. Moreover, UC generally acts upon young people, and approximately 30% of patients with UC will undergo colectomy in the course of their life-times (Stewenius et al., 1996). Thus, UC is a serious disease affecting the quality of life for a long period. It is now considered that IBD is not a simple inflammatory disease but a rather complicated disorder of intestinal components including epithelial cells, immune cells, neural cells, and extracellular matrix. Particular types of microbes, environmental factors including sanitary conditions and food, and genetic factors are also suggested to be involved (Xavier & Podolsky, 2007; Kaser et al., 2010;Asakura & Suzuki, 2010). Global approaches are therefore needed to reveal the pathogenesis of IBD, and to develop new therapeutic approaches for IBD as well. Chemokines have taken great attention since their discovery, because this family of chemotactic cytokines is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of many important human diseases. Developing new therapeutic approaches targeting several chemokines have been tried (Viola & Luster, 2008). In this chapter, we will review the role of interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 (IP10/CXCL10) in the colon of normal condition and UC, introducing our recent findings about the effect of neutralization of IP-10 on animal models of UC. We also discuss about the possibility of clinical application of antagonist therapies targeting IP-10.

Role of Interferon -γ-Inducible Protein (IP)-10/ (IP-10/CXCL10) in Ulcerative Colitis; A Review of the Present Status