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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been adopted to induce muscle contraction to provide functionally useful movements in spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals. It was described as electrical stimulation of muscle deprived of nervous control with a view of providing muscular contraction and providing a functionally useful movement. The term FES is applied to systems which attempt to restore lost or impaired neuromuscular function, such as standing and walking in cases of paraplegia. By the application of electrical pulses to neural pathways or, but less often, directly to muscles. It is also sometimes known as Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation or FNS. Figure 1 shows the demonstration of general applications of FES for the restoration of limb functions. Among all the limiting factors in the application of FES, muscle fatigue that can directly discontinue the application is considered the most important [1]. Many researchers have studied electrically elicited muscle fatigue of paralyzed limb muscles from the biomechanical, metabolic and electrophysiological aspects [2, 3, 4]. During electrical stimulation, the decline of torque values during isometric contraction is usually observed which exhibited a sigmoid-like curve consisting of a main slope and two plateaus [5, 6, 7]. Researchers reported that the first plateau represents the status before fatigue and the major slope indicates the exhausted expenditure of easily-fatigued (type II) MUs. Following the quick fatigue process, the final plateau represents the activation of the residual fatigue-resistant (type I) MUs [8]. From the electrophysiological aspect, the evoked EMG or compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the stimulated muscle has been studied during the fatiguing process. The close correlation between muscle force and stimulus-evoked EMG peak to peak (PTP) amplitude indicates that the stimulus EMG amplitude could directly provide information for monitoring FES-induced muscle force and as control signals for compensating the decrease of muscle force due to fatigue [9, 10]. In addition to PTP, the other characteristics of CMAP, such as temporal features including latency, rise time to peak (RTP), and PTP duration (PTPd) as well as frequency characteristics have also been used to quantify the muscle fatigue process [11, 12]. Both temporal and frequency features were presumably related to

Experimentation and Structural Modeling of Stimulus-Evoked Electromyography in Muscles During Electrically-Elicited Fatigue Process