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The term dengue, of Spanish origin, was used to describe joint pain from an illness that attacked the British during the epidemic that affected the Spanish West Indies from 19271928. Dengue was brought to the American continent to the Old World during the colonization in the late eighteenth century. However, it is not possible to say according to the historical record if the outbreaks were caused by dengue virus, as its symptoms are similar to those of several other infections, especially yellow fever (Holmes et al., 1998). The etiology of dengue has been credited to the miasma theory, bacterial or protozoan infection and finally to an ultramicroscopic agent. Similarly, transmission has been considered by respiratory airway and finally, by mosquitoes. The isolation of dengue virus (DENV) occurred in the 1940s during the epidemics of Nagasaki (1943) and Osaka (1944). The first known strain is coined DENV Mochizuki (Kimura & Hotta, 1944). In 1945, the Hawaii strain was isolated, and that same year other DENVs showing antigenic characteristics of different serotypes were isolated in New Guinea. The first two strains were designated serotype 1 and serotype 2. In 1956, other strains designated as serotype 3 and 4 were isolated. Thus, four dengue serotypes are known to date: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 (Martinez Torres, 1990). Genetic variation within each serotype was first demonstrated by serological techniques. Subsequently analysis of the viral genome showed that DENV-1and DENV-2 can be classified as having five genotypes or subtypes each while DENV-3 and DENV-4having four and two respectively (Rico-Hesse, 1990, Lanciotti et al., 1994). Recently, Rico-Hesse et al (2003) reviewed the classification of DENV genotypes by the analysis and comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the complete E gene of various strains. As a result it was defined thatDENV-2 and DENV-3 have four genotypes while DENV-1 and DENV-4 have five and three genotypes respectively (Cunha & Nogueira, 2005).

Molecular Characterization of Dengue Virus Circulating in Manaus, the Capital City of the State of Amazonas, Brazil