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Available data from literature show that among patients suffering from serious mental illnesses it was observed that about 50% of them abused psychoactive substances during their lives (Kessler et al., 1996). And the dependence on such substances like cannabis, amphetamine, or cocaine is more common in patients suffering from schizophrenia than in other psychiatric patients (May-Majewski, 2002). It was found that in the North American population every fourth person suffering from schizophrenia abused alcohol (Helzer & Pryzbeck, 1998). The objective of this study is to analyze data from literature concerning the reasons for psychoactive substance abuse by persons suffering from psychiatric disorders and to discuss the most effective treatment strategies for them. A very important part of this analysis is the so called self-treatment hypothesis formulated by Khantzian (1985). Its definition embraces two elements. Firstly ill persons use psychoactive substances, because they decrease their psychological discomfort. On the other hand there is a great degree in psychopharmacological specificity in choosing the abused substance.

Comorbidity of a Serious Mental Illness with an Addiction to Psychoactive Substances