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Inflammation is the immunological mechanism to react against danger signal. In old days, inflammation is characterized by heat, redness, pain, swelling and loss of function in gross appearance and inflammatory cells infiltration to the affected area in microscopical appearance. Even though it is not always possible to demonstrate the inflammatory cells infiltration in certain part of brain area in patients with psychiatric disorders, there are evidences such as enhanced production of inflammatory mediators that indicated the reaction of the immune system. It is generally considered that immune reactions occur in response to a danger signal such as abnormal cell death. With time, scientists in both immunology and neuroscience fields realized that the danger signals occur not only due to microorganisms, foreign bodies or tissue injury but also some noxious situations such as psychological or emotional stress. The involvement of immune system in psychiatric disorders is, in fact, recognized since 1927 by Wagner-Jauregg, the only psychiatrist who ever awarded Noble prize for his work on malaria inoculation in treatment of dementia paralytica (Raju, 1998) which was the treatment of psychosis by inducing fever, known as ‘pyrotherapy’. That evidence indicated that the immune activation induced by infection could cure the psychotic symptoms since fever is associated to immune activation. On the other hand meningitis induced toxic psychosis without fever was reported by Fischer, 1963. Taken together, in the field of Medicine, the relation between infection, inflammation, fever and psychotic symptoms became of interest since early 20th Century. Around similar period, in the field of Biology, Selye (Selye, 1954) has reported that the neurogenic stress situation induced by forcible immobilization could effectively inhibit inflammation in the experimental granuloma-pouch under the dorsal skin of rat after chronic irritation with cotton wool and that reaction was abolished in adrenalectomized rats. That finding indicated that the anti-phlogistic effect or suppression of immune activation was largely dependent on secretion of anti-phlogistic corticoids from the adrenal glands. That was the earliest starting point indicating the effect of stress on the immune system although it was difficult to conclude if the immobilization is

Interaction Between Inflammatory State and Neurochemical Changes in Major Psychiatric Disorders