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Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, which are derived from inner cell mass (ICM) of supernumerary blastocysts-stage embryos, have well known unique properties; long-term self-renewing ability with maintenance of an undifferentiated state and pluripotent capacity to differentiate into all derivatives of three embryonic germ layers (Hoffman & Carpenter, 2005; Semb, 2005; Trounson, 2006). Since its first derivation and characterization by Thomson et al in 1998, these intrinsic properties have made hESC very popular worldwide and, thereby, many studies describing isolation and characterization of new hESC lines have been reported (Findikli et al., 2005; Simon et al., 2005; Thomson, 1998). HESCs have been considered very valuable and promising cell source for research involving mainly human embryogenesis, oncology, drug toxicology and developmental biology as well as for cell based regenerative therapies (Edwards, 2004). Obviously, studies on hESCs mostly focus on their potential use for treatment of degenerative human diseases. However, due to the largely unknown characteristics of established lines and the use of animal based material in their cultures, most of the lines could not be suitable for prospective transplantation studies (Findikli et al., 2006; Rodriguez et al., 2006). Therefore, registration of existing hESC lines with their characteristics in stem cell banks would provide database of cell lines, cooperation and co-regulation for researchers. In this chapter, it was aimed to report the methods to derive 18 hESC lines which were established and characterized until the declaration of prohibition on hESC research in Turkey by Health Ministry in 2005. Additionally, it was discussed the current legal situation of hESC research and perspectives to that issue in Turkey.

Derivation and Characterization of New hESC Lines from Supernumerary Embryos, Experience from Turkey