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Epidemiological evidence indicates that postprandial hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Bonora & Muggeo, 2001). Improving postprandial glycemic control is considered a target for decreasing the morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in prediabetic and diabetic individuals. Recently, clinical trials such as the STOP-NIDDM Trial and Victory Study demonstrated that -glucosidase inhibitors (GIs) reduced the progression from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes (Chiasson et al., 2002, 2003; Kawamori et al., 2009). Therefore, considerable attention has been paid to GIs as preventive and therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes and its complications. Some food consumed on a daily basis also contains GIs and may therefore be effective for attenuating increase in postprandial blood glucose levels. Therefore, introducing GIs into the diet may prevent diabetes. In Asian countries, mulberry leaves are a known traditional medicine for preventing diabetes. According to a prior study, mulberry leaves have a potent GI activity because of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a glucose analog. In this chapter, we describe a method for determining DNJ in mulberry leaves; we also describe development of food-grade DNJenriched mulberry leaf extract (ME). Furthermore, we review the efficacy of this extract for postprandial glycemic control through human trials aimed at investigating use of mulberry leaves as food to prevent diabetes.

Development of Mulberry Leaf Extract for Suppressing Postprandial Blood Glucose Elevation