English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Important programs are being pursued currently to collect distance and recession velocity data from supernovae type Ia of several groups collecting and analyzing data (SNe Ia) (Astier et al., 2006; Hicken et al., 2009; Wood-Vasey et al., 2007) and from gamma ray bursts (GRB) (Schaefer, 2007) and most recently from other supernovae types. These events are our best hope of "standard candles" looking back in a quantitative manner towards the epochs of recombination and early galaxy formation, to nearly to the beginning of time (Leibundgut, 2008). While some optical data have been obtained from orbiting observatories, data of good quality have been collected from grounded telescopes with the hope to collect several thousand distance/velocity pairs of ever increasing quality over the next few years. Likewise, interpretation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which consists of signals remaining from the very primitive Universe after 13 billion years of cooling, may provide another independent source of data for estimating these parameters (Komatsu et al., 2009). Interpretation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data are being continually refined and the interpretations broadened to include analysis for the baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) remnant signals (Eisenstein et al., 2005). Another tool for estimation of gross Universe structure is the X-ray emissions from galaxy clusters (Vikhlinin et al., 2008) with future data collections planned to answer several cosmological questions (Vikhlinin et al., 2009). Data from dozens of studies have been used to estimate the Hubble constant, the Universe age and to support the new idea of Dark Energy (DE) assisted universe expansion (Carroll et al., 1992). Many decades ago Chandrasekhar successfully investigated the nature of white dwarf stars with gravitational fields large enough to quickly accrete considerable surrounding gas (Chandrasekhar, 1964). He predicted that as the object mass increases, Pauli instability of the dwarf star constituents is approached with a thermonuclear critical mass dependent both on the nature of the matter, the energy contained within and by the repulsive pressure exerted from the various nuclear species. When the instability limit is reached the object suffers collapse quickly followed by thermonuclear explosionwhichwe gaze at in awe as a supernova (Chandrasekhar & Trooper, 1964). This very successful description, which has been confirmed many times by observation, is dependent on the polytropic generalizations of matter and energy. The useful relationships of Chandrasekhar demand unique constants which differ A Polytropic Solution of the Expanding Universe – Constraining Relativistic and Non-Relativistic Matter Densities Using Astronomical Results