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Aflatoxins, highly oxygenated, heterocyclic, difuranocoumarin compounds that could be present in human foods and animal feedstuffs, are an important group of mycotoxins produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius (Diaz et al., 2008). Other species of Aspergillus such as A. bombycis, A. ochraceoroseus and A. pseudotamari may also produce aflatoxins (Bennett & Klich, 2003; Klich et al., 2000; Mishra & Das, 2003). On a worldwide scale, the aflatoxins are found in stored food commodities and oil seeds such as corn, peanuts, cottonseed, rice, wheat, oats, barley, sorghum, millet, sweet potatoes, potatoes, sesame, cacao beans, almonds, etc., which on consumption pose health hazards to animals, including aquaculture species of fish, and humans (Abdel-Wahab et al., 2008; Hussein & Brassel, 2001). Health effects occur in fish, companion animals, livestock, poultry and humans because aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxins, immunosuppressants, mutagens, carcinogens and teratogens. Public health concerns center on both primary poisoning from aflatoxins in commodities, food and feedstuffs, and relay poisoning from aflatoxins in milk (Coppock & Christian, 2007). There are four major natural aflatoxins (AFs), AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. The hierarchy of toxicity of different aflatoxins is in the order AFB1>AFG1>AFB2>AFG2. There are two additional metabolic products of aflatoxins B1 and B2, viz., M1 and M2. More than 5 billion people in developing countries worldwide are at risk of chronic exposure to naturally occurring aflatoxins through contaminated foods (Shephard, 2003; Williams et al., 2004) and more so in the tropical regions, where the climatic conditions favour luxurious growth of Aspergillus spp, and people rely on commodities such as cereals, oilseeds, spices, tree nuts, milk, meat and dried fruits that are potentially contaminated by aflatoxins (Strosnider et al., 2006). Symptoms of aflatoxicosis include feed refusal, decreased feed efficiency, stunted growth, decreased milk production and impaired reproductive efficiency (Diekman & Green, 1992; Oguz & Kurtoglu, 2000; Pier, 1992; Raju & Devegowda, 2000). Aflatoxins in general, and AFB1 in particular, can induce DNA damage, gene mutation, sister-chromatid exchanges and other chromosomal anomalies, which account for their genotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties (Batt et al., 1980; International Agency for Research on Cancer

A Comprehensive Review of Male Reproductive Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin