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Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy is the most common form of neurological complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). It is sensory-motor polyneuropathy dominated by sensitive symptoms and signs, primarily decrease or loss of sensibility in distal parts of extremities, or positive symptoms of prickling, burning pain and tingling. These symptoms can be extremely unpleasant for patients but at the same time they are a huge therapeutic problem as well. Motor symptoms and signs in early phase of DSP are often absent, although by neurophysiologic tests motor fibers damaging signs can be detected and this damage often leads to loss of functions in patients in advanced phase of the disease. The most significant clinical consequence of sensitive and autonomic fibers damage is feet ulceration, what is a leading cause for hospitalization and for lower extremities amputations, if trauma factors are excluded. Thus, diabetic DSP is important not only for clinical reasons but for economic ones as well, especially regarding the fact that DM prevalence is rapidly growing. For many years scientists have done numerous researches for therapeutic solutions to prevent, delay or slow the progression of the disease, aiming to better understanding of ethiopathogenesis of this disease. Special attention has been paid to oxidative stress (OS) role in pathogenesis of DM and diabetic neuropathy. Despite numerous experimental confirmations of OS in diabetic patients, there is still controversy about whether oxidative stress is just a side effect or it is a possible cause of diabetic neuropathy. More than thousand studies about this problem have already been reported and since this problem is not completely solved, further investigations are required. Therefore, a good knowledge of biochemistry of oxidative stress, cell signal transduction and antioxidative protection is necessary.

intech ebooks

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy: Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase Level in Relation to Peripheral Nerve Conduction in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients