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It is suggested that global warming affects plant distribution along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients because vegetation changes with thermal conditions. Simulation studies predicted that global warming largely affects plant distribution (e.g., Morin et al., 2008). Actually, vegetation change during several decades has been observed (Penuelas et al., 2007; Lenoir et al., 2008). By contrast, some other studies did not observe vegetation changes (Holtmeier & Broll, 2007; Harsch et al., 2009). Interpretation of results of simulation models also needs caution because simulation results are different according to modeling methods even for same species (Thuiller, 2003). Therefore, there is still uncertainty of effects of global warming on plant distribution. Plant distribution is determined by integrated demographic processes such as seed dispersal, seed germination, growth and survival of individual plants. Since early demographic phase such as seedling establishment is more susceptible to environmental conditions than the adult phase (Kullman, 2002), it is important to clarify effects of temperature on seedling growth to predict effects of global warming on plant distribution. There are many experimental studies that examined effects of temperature on growth of tree seedlings (Danby & Hik, 2007; Hoch & Korner, 2009; Munier et al., 2010). For example, Yin et al. (2008) reported that seedling growth of Betula albo-sinensis increased in the warm condition with 0.51oC higher than the ambient air condition. Many experimental studies that examined effects of temperature were conducted at bright conditions (e.g. Danby & Hik, 2007; Way & Sage, 2008). However, most seedlings distribute in dark closed-canopy conditions in forests. Therefore, it is necessary to examine effects of temperature on seedling growth not only in bright conditions but also in dark conditions. Plants plastically change morphology according to light conditions. For example, relative biomass allocation to leaves is greater in dark conditions than in bright conditions,

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Effects of Temperature and Light Conditions on Growth of Current-Year Seedlings of Warm-Temperate Evergreen Tree Species and Cool-Temperate Deciduous Tree Species