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This chapter reviews literature regarding the role of Reg, a family of small C-type lectins, with a focus on the endocrine pancreas and introduces novel findings generated in our laboratory on the role of Reg as autoantigen in T1DM. It is not intended as a comprehensive literature review, but rather discusses a selection of articles in more detail in order to illustrate aspects that are important for the understanding of this protein family. In the author’s view the scientific challenge consists in the development of a theory of Reg action that unifies seemingly disparate roles played by members of this family and provides the field of Reg research with a defined framework allowing unification of the many, to date, unconnected observations. Thus, although we focus on Reg and the endocrine pancreas, we also discuss findings obtained in other Reg research areas that appear to have little connection with the endocrine pancreas and T1DM. We choose this approach because we consider that the effects of Reg in the endocrine pancreas need to be understood in the context of a broader view of this protein family. The reader may easily find a large volume of additional literature on the effects of Reg referenced in the presented reports.

The Role of Reg Proteins, a Family of Secreted C-Type Lectins, in Islet Regeneration and as Autoantigens in Type 1 Diabetes