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Since its first implantation into human body in 1958, pacemaker has known several evolutions [1-2] to become nowadays a vital cardiovascular device frequently prescribed to improve the quality of life for hearth failure patients. To increase the quality of service, pacemaker industry tends to integrate wireless telemetry technology into the medical device to allow home monitoring of the patient. Home monitoring technology challenges to analyse and to diagnose while the patient is sitting or sleeping at home. The pacemaker radio communication module, designed to exchange data with an external base station, features new technologies including, but not limited, new architecture, low power design technique, acoustic wave filter co-integration, miniaturized antenna design, etc. The miniaturized antenna embedded on the pacemaker device is typically a narrow bandwidth high-Q antenna [3] easily detuned by unpredictable near field environmental factors [4-6]. The input impedance of the implanted antenna can vary due to the tissue (muscle, fat, skin, etc.) properties, thickness, and also the individual properties which differ from one person to another. In addition, the patient position and more generally the nearby objects may cause also change in the antenna input impedance. Mismatch of the antenna impedance significantly degrades the transmitter radiated output power, the receiver sensitivity, and therefore the power efficiency of the radio transceiver. To highlight the possible random variability in the antenna input impedance that contributes to generate more or less important mismatch losses, precise characterization of the pacemaker antenna using different realistic human models is needed. In this way, electromagnetic simulations and measurements of the input impedance of the antenna immersed into homogeneous and heterogeneous human model were performed. To guarantee the success of the wireless communication even in the presence of mismatch losses, traditional solution over specifies the design of the RF power modules consuming more energy at the expense of the battery lifetime. This solution is obviously not mandatory where a targeting lifetime at least greater than seven years is required for such implantable medical device. More suitable solution is focused on the addition of an adaptive antennaimpedance tuning unit to automatically match the antenna input impedance to the optimal impedance of the RF front-end radio communication module.

An Efficient Adaptive Antenna-Impedance Tuning Unit Designed for Wireless Pacemaker Telemetry