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The black pod disease due to Phytophthora spp is a destructive disease of cocoa. Worldwide, yield losses have been estimated to 30% (Lass, 1985). Côte d’Ivoire, the first cocoa producing country in the world, with 44% of the world market (ICCO, 2000) is also concerned by this disease. Several species of Phytophthora are involved in the disease. In Africa, two species, P. palmivora and P. megakarya, are the most damaging. The first species, which is the most common, causes damage in all the cocoa producing countries in the world, with yield losses between 20 to 30% ; the second, endemic to central and west Africa, is the most aggressive. This pathogen may cause the loss of the whole pod production in some countries (Flood, 2006). In Côte d’Ivoire, since the discovery of P. megakarya in the western region in the 90s, the black pod disease problem became more serious (Koné, 1999; Kouamé, 2006). Yield losses increased from an average of 10% to 35-40% (Kébé et al., 1996). Thus, the control of the disease became also a priority. Although chemical control was developed by the research scientists, the dissemination of this method to the farmers was little successful. The low level of adoption of this technology by the farmers could be explained by the high cost of the fungicides as well as the difficulties related to the provision of water and the application of the fungicides. In addition, the requirements of the international market in terms of bean quality, environmental constrains, health issues for the consumers, and the different moratoriums in this area from the market partners (Anonyme, 2006), are numbers of constraints that do not facilitate the development of the chemical control method. The strategy adopted in Côte d’Ivoire to control the black pod disease is based on integrated management, which is cost effective and environmentally friendly. This approach combines the use of agronomic practices, resistant cocoa varieties and natural antagonistic microorganisms of Phytophthora. Research works continue in order to improve agronomic practices and varietal resistance. The use of natural antagonistic microorganisms of

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Isolation and Identification of Indigenous Microorganisms of Cocoa Farms in Côte d’Ivoire and Assessment of Their Antagonistic Effects Vis-À-Vis Phytophthora palmivora, the Causal Agent of the Black Pod Disease