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Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive and quantitative marker of cardiac autonomic function that reflects the regulation of the sinoatrial node by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic system (Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1996). The clinical importance of autonomic function became evident when HRV was confirmed to be strong and independent predictor of mortality after acute myocardial infarction (Kleiger RE et al., 1987; Bigger JT et al., 1993; Huikuri HV, 1995; Bigger JT et al., 1997). Recently, in addition to the well-accepted application in cardiology, heart rate variability has also drawn attention in other important application fields as geriatric medicine. Aim of the chapter is to illustrate the usefulness of electrocardiographic analysis of heart rate variability, focusing on senescent heart. The number of elderly people in western developed countries is rapidly growing-up. Currently, 31 million people are older than 65 years in the United States, representing 12% of the global population. By 2025 a percentage of 20% of the population will be older than 65 years. The prognostic significance of conventional risk factors applicable to younger ages tends to disappear in old age (Anderson KM et al., 1987; Harris T et al., 1988). So it is important to find prognostic and diagnostic markers to define the risk of death among elderly subjects. HRV analysis is able to give prognostic information beyond that obtained by traditional risk markers in populations of elderly subjects (Heikki V et al., 1998). Assessment of heart rate variability in older subjects is, however, complicated by changes in the autonomic nervous system that occur with advancing age (O’Brien IAD & O’Hare P, 1986).

Electrocardiographic Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Aging Heart