English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

In the real world, there is an important step before seeing the effects and the outcome of cancer treatment. This step is to see that treatment become accessible and affordable for cancer patients. The rapidly increasing of costs of novel cancer drugs and radiation therapy equipment doesn`t commensurate with the slowly improvement of outcome. Thus, each advance in treatment, the magnitude of the increase in the cost of treatment exceeded the magnitude of improvement of efficacy. (Schrag, 2004). Pharmaceutical companies are developing costly novel cancer drugs that are marketed in the USA, Western Europe, and Japan with fewer markets and opportunities in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). By the year 2020, among the 20 million new cancer cases, 70% will be located in the countries that have collectively, just 5% of the global cancer control resources. (Ferlay et al, 2010, Porter et al., 1999 & Stewart & Kleihues, 2003). At present, it is roughly estimated that at least half of cancer patients in the world have no access to cancer therapy. This situation is particularly marked –with variability – in LMICs. The problem is particularly tragic for Radiotherapy in subSaharan Africa where only 5% of cancer patients have access to radiotherapy (Elzawawy, 2008, Porter et, 1999). However, there are also variable proportions of cancer patients in high income countries like the USA who have difficulties in obtaining expensive cancer drug treatment and radiotherapy. (Bach, 2007 & Malin, 2010). There is no indication that the costs of these drugs will diminish in the future in the USA (Meropol & Schulman, 2007). In the next decade, with the expected increase of numbers of cancer patients particularly in LMICs and with the increasing costs of treatment with novel drugs and radiation therapy particularly in LMICs, then, this situation would be aggravated and it could present more difficulties for all stakeholders; cancer patients, oncologists, health policy makers and governments, manufactures of cancer drugs and radiotherapy equipment and economists. This could cause difficulties for the wheel of advances in treatment and science and in marketing of innovation. Hence, a pressing need emerges for scientific initiatives. One of the recent scientific initiatives, in which most of representatives of the key international organizations are sharing in its meetings and development, is The Win-Win Scientific initiative that was proposed first by ICEDOC’s Experts in Cancer without borders on December 2007. (ICEDOC is The International Campaign for Establishment and Development of Oncology Centers. www.icedoc.org). Breast Cancer is the most frequent

Science and Affordability of Cancer Drugs and Radiotherapy in the World - Win-Win Scenarios