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Urethroplasty means plastic surgery of the urethra. Herein we are going to describe urethroplasty in terms of; diagnosis, indications, surgical techniques and definition of failure or success. A lot of issues related to urethroplasty remain to be defined, therefore we will clarify the debatable issues and highlight the last advances on urethroplasty. There are two main causes which mandate urethroplasty; the first is the congenital anomalies with hypospadias being the most common, and the acquired anomalies with urethral stricture being the most common of them. Hypospadias is found commonly in newborn boys and it seen in approximately 8.2 per 1000 births. The goal of hypospadias reconstruction are to bring the meatus close to glans to allow the child to void standing, removing the chordee to allow for normal sexual intercourse and giving the phallus appearance of a normally circumcised penis when observed from distance. There are more than 200 named surgical procedure to correct hypospadias. Now a days tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty described by Snodgrass in 1994 is the most common procedure used for repair of hypospadias. The advantages of this technique include its simplicity, high success rate, low rate of complication and excellent cosmetic results. A lot of modifications were introduced on the TIP urethroplasty aiming to improve the success rate and to decrease fistula formation. We were from the firsts who published such modification regarding the use of doublelayer dartos flap covering for urethra instead of the classic way of utilizing dorsal dartos flap (button hole maneuver). The second cause of urethroplasty is the acquired anomalies. Strictures of urethra is of much clinical important than hypospadias, because it bothers the patients more, unfortunately the results of surgery is not promising as that of hypospadias. The term “urethral stricture” refer to anterior urethral disease or scaring process involving the spongy erectile tissue of the corpus spongiosum (spongiofibrosis). According to World Health Organization posterior urethral stricture are not included in the common definition of urethral stricture

Urethroplasty; Wide Range of Therapeutic Indications and Surgical Techniques