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Breast cancer is one of the oldest known forms of cancer in humans and it has been mentioned in almost every period of human history. Since the time of the ancient Egyptians and Greeks, there has been no cure but only treatment for this disease. In the 18th century, different theories about the origin of breast cancer were developed. During this period, an important link between breast cancer and the lymph nodes was established. The assumption that cancer was a localized disease led to the rise of the surgical approach in breast cancer treatment. Since the work of William Halstead (1882), radical mastectomy (removal of breast tissue, lymph nodes and chest tissue) remained the standard for almost 100 years (Leopold, 1999; Olson, 2002). With the advance in science, novel therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities came into use in breast cancer treatment. Introduction of radiation at the beginning of the 20th century enabled tumour size to be reduced before surgery. Another major breakthrough came with the use of chemotherapy in the 1940s. Their combination with surgery offers another powerful treatment modality. The discovery by Beatson in 1895 that removal of the ovaries results (in some cases) in reduction of breast tumours led to the later elucidation of oestrogen`s role in breast cancer growth (Forrest, 1982). Research in pharmaceutical approaches to breast cancer/oestrogen management ended in the development of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and selective oestrogen receptor modifiers. An important step came in 1998, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved trastuzumab for the treatment of HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer. Treatment with trastuzumab has a major impact on the survival of a subset of patients with resistant and hard to treat breast tumours (Shepard et al., 2008). With the introduction of mammography, early detection of breast cancer was made possible. Mammography screening combined with more precise therapy was shown to reduce breast cancer mortality between 24.9 and 38.3% (Berry et al., 2005). Several other detection methods including magnetic resonance, ultrasound and 3D digital mammography have been developed and are now used in the fight against breast cancer (Gilbert, 2008; Hellerhoff, 2010).

Breast Cancer and Current Therapeutic Approaches: From Radiation to Photodynamic Therapy