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The formation of gradients of chemical composition, phase distribution or microstructure represents a now fervently pursued concept in the design of advanced engineering components. In light of this concept, a significant progress has been made in the area of functionally graded materials (FGMs). FGMs are of practical interest because a wide gradation of physical and/or chemical properties can be achieved across a given material depending on the material design (Suresh & Mortensen, 1998, Miyamoto et al., 1999, Uemura et al., 2010). Thus, FGM holds continuous changes of the microstructure, the composition and the properties in some specific directions, i.e., inhomogeneous on both macroscopic and microscopic scales. On the other hand, particle-, fibreor platelet-dispersed composites are regarded as macroscopically homogeneous and microscopically inhomogeneous. There are two types of graded structures of the FGMs, namely continuous structure shown in Fig. 1 (a), and stepwise structure shown in Fig. 1 (b). In the first type, the change in composition and/or microstructure occurs continuously with position. On the other hand in the second type, the microstructure feature changes in a stepwise manner, giving rise to a multilayered structure with interfaces existing between discrete layers (Miyamoto et al., 1999). As will be described in more detail below, the continuous graded structure can be created by a centrifugal force.

Review Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials under a Centrifugal Force