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This chapter describes a comprehensive approach that allows a water and energy reduction in industrial processes. This technique is based on the retrofit concept. An analysis of retrofit has the feature to perform in a systematic way, a series of steps that guides practices and help to identify opportunities for saving water and energy. Methodologies and techniques have been implemented independently in (pulp) industries in order to reduce water and energy consumption. At industry level and particularly in real pulp and pulp processes, methodologies and techniques to reduce independently water consumption as well as energy consumption have been implemented. Pinch Technology began its application to this kind industry in 1990 (Calloway et at. 1990) to optimize energy using the traditional methodology introduced by Linnhoff et al. (1982). Subsequently, using the Pinch Analysis concept, Berglin et al. (1997) incorporated a mathematical programming work and an exergy analysis; they achieved the reduction of energy consumption in two pulp mills. Koufus et al. (2001), used sequentially Pinch Analysis and later on Water Pinch Analysis (WPA) methodology for these industries (Pulp and Paper), getting first of all an energy reduction and then a water reduction. In the paper of Rouzinuo et al. (2003) Pinch Technology proved to be a great tool for the integration of new equipment in processes for pulp and paper industry at an application in Albany (Oregon, USA) achieving the reduction of energy consumption significantly. Savulescu et al. (2005c), presented a processes integration technique based on Pinch Technology to reduce water (WPA) and energy (Pinch Analysis) in a Kraft process pulp mill; in the same way Towers (2007), applied Pinch Technology for water reduction. The concept of energy reduction through the water reduction in the pulp and paper industry was applied by Wising et al. (2005). With the same concept, Nordam et al. (2006), presented a design for water and energy systems reducing energy consumption by reducing water use. For water reduction (exclusively) in a pulp mill (Kraft process), Parthasarathy et al. (2001) used mass integration for effluent reuse and thereby reduce water consumption. Similarly Lovelady et. al (2007) reduced water consumption by optimizing the discharge effluent reuse water. As it has been mentioned in the previous paragraphs, the application of technologies for the reduction of to reduce water and energy is performed independently, however, it has been

Retrofit Approach for the Reduction of Water and Energy Consumption in Pulp and Paper Production Processes