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The design and discovery of Ionic Liquids (ILs) displaying melting point lower than 100 oC, in particular Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) have been the subject of considerable efforts over the past decade. In particular, RTILs attract considerable attention because they are expected ideal solvents that provide novel reactions fields in the green chemistry. (Hitchcock, et al, 1986; Welton, 1999) The interest of this class of molecules arises in part from their use as liquid media for a variety of chemical transformations as a substituted for molecular solvents. Moreover it is possible think on ILs as reagents in chemical reactions. (Adam, et al, 2009) ILs have generated a large amount of interest from the scientific and academic communities due to their surprising and unique properties and their potential use in areas as diverse as synthesis, biocatalysis, electrochemistry, etc. Thus, these classes of molecules are increasingly used in organic chemistry, material sciences and physical chemistry. (Wasserscheid & Keim, 2000; Welton, 2004) ILs are salts -substances composed exclusively of cations and anions-. This fact differentiates them from simple ionic solutions, where ions are dissolved in a molecular medium. They are also distinct from inorganic molten salts because their melting points are lever than 100 oC (most of them exist in the liquid form at or near room temperature). RTILs exhibits a variety of desirable properties, such as negligible vapour pressure, which make them interesting for various applications. In particular, the option of fine-tuning chemical and physical properties by an appropriate choice of cations and anions has stimulated much of the current excitement with respect to these compounds and has led to the term “designer solvents”. An alternative, complementary strategy to tailor properties is to mix two (or more) ionic liquids, including binary mixtures of ionic liquids and molecular solvent. The majority of ILs belongs to the N,N-methyl-(alkyl)-imidazolium, alkyl-pyridinium or ammonium cations associated with a variety of anions such as X-, BF4-, BPh4-, PF6-, NO3-, CF3SO3NCS-, N(CN)2-, TiO-, NTf2-, AlCl4-, etc. Recently a few amidinium-based ILs have been also reported. (Dechambenait, et al, 2010)

Ionic Liquids in Polar Diels-Alder Reactions Using Carbocycles and Heterocycles as Dienophiles