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Numbers of patients suffering from allergic diseases, such as asthma, pollenosis, atopic dermatitis, etc. have been increased in industrially advanced countries. The increases are remarkable especially in urban area in such countries. It has been generally accepted that not only genetic but also environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Allergic diseases are also caused by both factors. Genetic factors can be explained by a concept of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which means that only one nucleotide mutation can make a person highly sensitive to allergic diseases. However, the recent increase in the number of allergic patients cannot be explained merely by SNP. It has been widely indicated that environmental factors such as air pollution, improvement of hygiene, changes in foods and dwelling, etc. are closely associated with the increase in patients. In this chapter, the relationship between air pollutants and allergic diseases in the airway tissues is Focused on. In order to demonstrate this relationship, experimental animal models of allergic asthma have been widely utilized. First, the findings obtained from animal models are summarized. Second, we have actually evaluated whether the pyrenes present in diesel exhaust particles, cigarette smoke, etc. aggravate allergic rhinitis symptoms in a pollenosis guinea pig model (Mizutani et al., 2007). The methodology of development of this model of pollenosis and the effects of pyrenes on the model are also described.

Aggravation of Allergic Rhinitis by Air Pollution: Demonstration by an Animal Model of Pollenosis