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Solar energy is one kind of important resource for clean and renewable energy, and is widely investigated in many fields. In order to increase the operating temperature and thermodynamic efficiency, concentrated solar radiation is widely used to heat the working fluid in solar thermal power system (Trieb & Nitsch, 1998) and other industrial engineerings (Klein et al., 2007; Ali et al., 2008). Concentrated solar radiation (Kalogirou, 2004) can be collected by the parabolic trough collector, parabolic dish reflector, heliostat field, etc. The concentrated energy flux has been studied in kinds of solar energy system. Moustafa et al. (1995) measured the solar flux density distribution on a plane receiver due to a flat heliostat. Estrada et al. (2007) proposed a calorimeter to measure the concentrated solar power produced by a point focus solar concentrator. Solar thermal power system based on trough, dish or heliostat field is a very promising and challenging technology for its high operating temperature and thermodynamic efficiency. In solar thermal power plant (Odeh et al., 2003), the heat transfer medium in solar heat receiver is heated by concentrated solar radiation to some high temperature, and then it can be used to operate kinds of heat engine and generate electricity. As a result, the heat receiver (Ortega et al., 2008) is the key problem for the photo-thermal transformation, and the heat transfer performance of solar heat receiver is the hotspot for solar energy research. The basic types of heat receiver in concentrated solar thermal system mainly include heat pipe receiver (Fujiwara et al., 1990), parabolic trough solar receiver (Gong et al., 2010), cavity receiver (Wu et al., 2010), and multistage solar receiver (Taragan, 1999), etc. The dynamical and thermal characteristics of solar heat receiver have been investigated in much literature (Cui et al., 2008; Grena, 2010). In general, the heat losses from solar receiver mainly include three contributions: radiation heat loss, convective heat loss, and conduction heat loss. The radiation heat loss (Melchior et al., 2008; Li et al., 2010) is mainly dependent upon the receiver structure, wall temperature, and emissivity/absorptivity of the receiver walls, while the convective heat loss (Clausing, 1981) is mainly determined by the receiver structure, wall temperature, and wind velocity. The heat conduction loss (Zavoico, 2001) exists in cavity receiver through the insulation wall, and it can be ignored in many solar heat receivers.

Heat Transfer Performances and Exergetic Optimization for Solar Heat Receiver