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The management of wastes, in particular of municipal solid waste, in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner is one of the most critical issues facing modern society, mainly due to the increased difficulties in properly locating disposal works and complying with even more stringent environmental quality requirements imposed by legislation. In addition, in recent years the need to achieve sustainable strategies has become of greater concern, also because some traditional disposal options, like landfilling, are progressively restricted, and in some cases banned, by legislation, so the development of innovative systems to maximize recovery of useful materials and/or energy in a sustainable way has become necessary. The sustainability concept is today widely used when speaking of the development of human activities, especially in the environmental field. According to the original definition of 1987 by the United Nations, which defined sustainable developments as those that “meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs”, sustainability occurs when natural or renewable resources are consumed less than, or at least equal to, nature’s ability to replenish them. As shown in Figure 1, for achieving effective sustainability, three elements of fundamental importance are strongly interconnected to one another and cannot be separately considered (Adams, 2006). They are: the environmental element (environmentally robust, and supported by consistent and applicable normative and legal requirements), the economic element (economically affordable, technologically feasible, operationally viable), the social element (socially desirable, culturally acceptable, psychologically nurturing). That's particularly true for Western European countries, due to land scarcity and population density, but will also become in short time of major concern for Central and Eastern European Countries that already joined the European Union (EU), or are preparing to do that. From a general point of view, the waste management policy should be addressed to both the development of management procedures able to reduce the waste mass production, and the application of reuse options instead of simple disposal ones.

Planning the Management of Municipal Solid Waste: The Case of Region “Puglia (Apulia)” in Italy