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In recent years the quest for advanced steel quality satisfying more stringent specifications by time has forced research in the development of advanced equipment for the improvement of the internal structure of the continuously cast steels. A relatively important role has played the better understanding of the solidification phenomena that occur during the final stages of the solidification. Dynamic soft-reduction machines have been placed in industrial practice with top-level performance. Nevertheless, the numerical solution of the governing heat-transfer differential equation under the proper initial and boundary conditions continues to play the paramount role for the fundamental approach of the whole solidification process. Steel properties are critical upon the solidification behaviour. Different chemical analyses of carbon steels alter the solidus and liquidus temperatures and therefore influence the calculated results. Shell growth, local cooling rates and solidification times, solid fraction, and secondary dendrite arm-spacing are some important metallurgical parameters that need to be ultimately computed for specific steel grades once the heat transfer problem is solved.

Modeling Solidification Phenomena in the Continuous Casting of Carbon Steels