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Most sedimentary structures occurring within siliciclastic successions are doubtless caused by a variety of depositional processes. Among thousands of these sedimentary structures, a small number can be identified as structures which are not of primary origin. Among these, many are structures generated due to a postdepositional deformation of the primary bedding planes within the sediment. Examples of such deformational structures are mostly synsedimentary folds, ball-and-pillow structures or clastic dykes. Some of these structures have been obviously generated by the liquefaction of the soft, not yet lithified sediment. The existence of unstable layers or density inversions within the succession may promote such processes. However, in most cases these deformational sedimentary structures are obviously caused by heavy earth quakes, generated at actively moving faults. Strong seismic shock waves promote a break-down of the grain structure of sensitive sand layers leading to a short termed liquefaction of these layers and causing the deformational structures mentioned above. Hence, many of these structures are lastly products of tectonic events near or at the active rims of the sedimentary basins. Examples of these tectonically triggered deformational sedimentary structures can be found within sedimentary successions throughout earth’s history and are described e.g. from Proterozoic and Plaeozoic of India (Bhattacharya & Badyopathyay 1998) and Canada (Pollock & Williams), from the Cretaceous of Mexico (Blanc 1998) and Brasilia (Rosetti & Goes 2000, Rosetti & Santos 2003) or the Quaternary of Switzerland (Becker et al. 2002), Spain (Gilbert & al. 2005) or Kyrgystan (Bowman & al. 2004). Within the paper presented here examples are given from Lower Cambrian shallow marine sandstones (Vik Sandstone) in eastern Scania (Skåne, South Sweden), from terrestrial Lower Permian Rotliegend sandstone successions in Hesse (Central Germany), and from Paleogene and Neogene marine as well as terrestrial sediments within the Molasse basin in southwestern Bavaria (South Germany).

Synsedimentary Deformational Structures Caused by Tectonics and Seismic Events – Examples from the Cambrian of Sweden, Permian and Cenozoic of Germany