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The genetic information of living organisms is carried and stored in a gene, which is a huge complex molecule involving DNA and proteins. In eukaryote cell, gene is usually higher hierarchical ordered packaged in a large complex structure called “chromosome”. The genetic information must be strictly conserved throughout life cycle, otherwise lost or false DNA information may cause malfunction of cell, cell death, impaired development or cancer prone. The genetic information must also be principally correctly transmitted to the next generations for stabilize the species. Three major cellular functions ensure maintain the complete gene information and transmit to daughter cells or next generations: (1) DNA replication; duplicates complete DNA sequence information to transmit for next cell generation, (2) DNA repair; recover structural damages of DNA and corrects false information anything else introduced in DNA molecule by intraor extra-cellular factors and (3) Chromosome condensation; compaction of DNA molecule to architect a higherorganized packaged and compacted architecture known as “chromosomes” to assure protect and stabilize the integrity of labile DNA molecules and segregate the identical chromosome sets to daughter cells during mitosis. In addition, DNA recombination/ rearrangement mechanism also plays very crucial role for various cellular function. For example, exchange genetic information between paternal and maternal homologous chromosome gene during recombination process in fertilization will promote evolution of species and prevent the gene homogeneity. Recombination of Immuno-globulin gene during lymphocyte maturation process promises the antibody diversity against vast numbers of foreign antigens. Recently accumulated evidences have strongly suggested that these mechanisms are mutually tight-coupled functions rather than they independently work. Molecular genetic studies have also provided supporting evidence for the idea that mutation in genes (HIRA/Tuple1, XCDT1, cdt1, Orc2, Orc3, Orc5, MCM2, MCM4, MCM10, RECQL4)(Maiorano et al. 2000; Nishitani et al. 2000; Pflumm and Botchan 2001; Christensen and Tye 2003; D'Antoni et al. 2004; Prasanth et al. 2004; Tatsumi et al. 2006) required for

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Visualize Dynamics of Chromosome Structure Formation and DNA Repair/Recombination Coupled With DNA Replication: Tight Coupled Role of DNA Replication in Chromosome Compaction and DNA Recombination