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Satellite remote sensing technique has provided new datasets for monitoring air quality at regional and urban area. Air pollution in Asian cities has grown with the progressing industrialization and urbanization. Air quality standards often refer to respirable suspended particulate matter (PM), being aerosols with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The generated algorithm was based on the aerosol optical depth. Remote sensed data provide comprehensive geospatial information on air quality with both qualitative imagery and quantitative data, such as particulate matters of size less than 2.5 micron (PM2.5). Remote sensing has been widely used for environmental application such as for air quality and water quality studies. But the atmosphere affects satellite images of the Earth’s surface in the solar spectrum. So, the signal observed by the satellite sensor is the sum of the effects from the ground and atmosphere. Surface reflectance is a key to the retrieval of atmospheric components from remotely sensed data. The accuracy of aerosol remote sensing techniques heavily depends on the information on the ground reflectance (Kokhanovskya, et al., 2005). Environmental pollution is coeval with the appearance of humans. When Homo sapiens first lighted fire, its smoke provided the first medium of environmental pollution. The burning of fuels for heating and cooking has contributed to the air pollution of inner spaces (Makra and Brimblecombe, 2004). Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems, which concentrates mostly in cities. Generally, human activities induce monotonous accumulation of pollutants [Makra, et al., (2001a) and Makra, et al., (2001b)]. Sources of exposure to particulate air pollution are many, Indoor sources, including cooking, unvented heating appliances and pets often make important contributions to exposures. Road traffic, however, generally provides the major source of ambient particulate pollution (Gulliver and Briggs, 2004). We used a DustTrak Aerosol Monitor 8520 to collect in situ data. The particulate matters of size less than 2.5 micron data were collected simultaneously during the satellite Landsat overpass the study area. An empirical relationship between PM2.5 derived from the SPOT using regression technique is explored. A new algorithm was developed base on the aerosol characteristics in the atmosphere. We were obtained the atmospheric reflectance values by subtracting surface reflectance from the amount of reflectance measured from the satellite. The satellite recorded reflectance is the sum of the surface reflectance and atmospheric reflectance. The surface refleatance values were retrieved using ATCOR3 in the PCI Geomatica 10.3 image

Remote Sensing of PM2.5 Over Penang Island from Satellite Measurements