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Incidents of bioterrorism that have occurred over the past decade have demonstrated a need to understand the transmission and exposure risks of daily activities to potential biological agents (NATO, 2005; de Armond, 2002; Block, 2001). Based on experience since September 11, 2001, the mail has become a significant means of bioagent dispersion. This chapter seeks to further advance our understanding of fluid and aerosol dynamic processes of exposures resulting from dust lying on the surface of a letter or a table being resuspended by air flow, (Richmond-Bryant, et al., 2006). Transmission of aerosols from an unfolded letter, (Duncan et al., 2009), is dependent on the motion of the air in the environment in which the letter resides (Dull et al., 2002). The primary source of fluid motion in most buildings is the heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) system. Several reports suggest that numerous pathogens may survive such airborne transport (e.g., Nardell et al., 1986; Mangili and Gendreau, 2005). Others show how contaminants can be dispersed into the indoor environment (e.g., reviews by Wallace, 1996, and Nazaroff, 2004; Price, et al., 2009; Reshetin & Regens, 2003; Reshetin & Regens, 2004). These reviews and many papers cited therein show that indoor particle transport is subject to complex interactions of dispersion, deposition, and resuspension. Understanding these processes is predicated on understanding the interaction between turbulent airflow and particles. Rooms often have complex geometries that result in extremely complex turbulence because of flow phenomena such as flow separation, recirculation, and buoyancy (Posner et al., 2003; Rim and Novoselac, 2009). Contamination and exposure resulting from a localized source such as a contaminated letter has received some recent attention. (Agranovski et al., 2005; Ho et al., 1993; Ho et al., 2005; Kornikakis et al., 2001; Kornikakis eta l., 2009; Kornikakis et al., 2010; Lien et al., 2010). In many offices, outlets from the HVAC system are positioned in the ceiling and often generate a substantial downward blowing of air, (Nardell, et al., 1986). Ceiling fans can have a similar effect. This airflow will almost certainly incorporate flow separation and recirculation zones. Advancing the understanding of dispersion of particulate contaminants under such complex conditions can provide useful input for decontamination efforts

In-Office Dispersion and Exposure to Contaminants Originating from an Unfolded Letter