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Organ and tissue transplantation is always a procedure that involves two people, i.e. the donor and the recipient. A patient suffering from chronic renal failure primarily needs a kidney donation and transplantation. The studies and surveys about organ donation demonstrate that the number of organs donated fails to meet the need for organs. Given the studies about organ and tissue transplants, we note that organ donations from related or unrelated living donors have become more widespread due to increasing need for organs. (Lennerling & Nyberg, 2004; Kim et al, 2006, Donelly et al, 1999, Mousavi, 2006, Al-Khader, 2005). Unfortunately, these sources have so far been unable to keep up with the demand. As a result, there is a large and staidly increasing number of potential recipients awaiting transplantation, some of who dies before an organ is found. It is widely accepted that the optimal donor for a patient suffering from end-stage renal disease is an adult first-degree relative. However, there is an increasing global-wide tendency to use living donors who have an emotional but not genetic relation with the patient, and this tendency has been supported in the world.(Adorno, 2001, Wilkinson,2007, Chaudry et al, 2007) The recipient lists and kidney transplantations show that 15% of recipients in waiting lists receive kidneys from their spouses. The success of kidney transplantations with organs received from unrelated donors resulted in the emergence of two donor categories: 1. Donors that have an emotional relationship with the recipient 2. Volunteers that the recipient does not know at all Although these two categories are different from each other, it is possible to combine them under the concept of altruism. (Spital, 2005) The life of a single person is valuable because it has a real specific value. As argued by R. Dworkin, religious and non-religious people may compromise on the fact that human life is sacred and hence has a real specific value. However, there is no compromise on why it is sacred. Human life has a specific value in its own rights. This real value emerges when individuals pay attention to the benefit of their own lives in general. Transplantation is not possible if there is no organ for transplant. There may be transplants from living donors and dead donors. At this point, there is need to distinguish between “non-

Concept of the Voluntariness in Kidney Transplantation from the Position of Donors and Recipients