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Pesticides are used in agriculture and public health to control insects, weeds, animals, and vectors of disease. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defined a pesticide as 'any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport, or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood, wood products or animal feedstuffs, or which may be administered to animals for the control of insects, mites/spider mites or other pests in or on their bodies' (Bretveld et al., 2006). Occupationally exposure to pesticides can occur in industry (manufacturing or formulation workers), agriculture (distribution on open fields or in closed premises, from crops), and in public health (disinfection, rodent elimination, etc.). Then, of course, some active principles are used in veterinary medicine. In particular, for agricultural workers, we must remember that the work environment is often also the worker’s home environment, since agricultural work is often done on a family or craftsman scale. How workers are exposed may vary widely from one sector to another. An agricultural worker is likely to be exposed to numerous chemicals for short periods, and the level of exposure may vary depending on the type of crop involved, the climate or microclimate, what work is being done, the means used for distributing the chemical, and so forth. Agricultural work in closed premises such as glasshouses or industrial plant-growing tunnels, and the formulation of commercial products (mixing the active principles with coformulants) fall mid-way between agricultural and industrial work. Greenhouse work is done under cover with a constantly controlled microclimate, whereas industrial workers come into contact with various different products in different formulation cycles. The integration of women into non traditional occupations raises questions concerning the impact of such jobs on women’ reproductive health, moreover the number of women in the workforce is also increasing worldwide and a considerable proportion of them are of reproductive age; therefore attention is required to note reproductive dysfunction if any, due to occupational exposure (Kumar, 2004). In literature occupational exposure to pesticides mainly could have repercussions on the reproductive system, in men and women, and on the thyroid gland. The epidemiological studies presented refer to the association between exposure in occupation of parents and the

Effect on Workers’ Health Owing to Pesticides Exposure: Endocrine Target