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Location systems, both for indoor and outdoor use, are rapidly developing due to the practical need of knowing the position of objects and persons (Harrop, 2008). If for the outdoor world, the GPS system and its variants (DGPS, etc.) is the best possible solution, for indoor use, things are not yet completely solved. Indoor GPS is developing, but in parallel, other projects are running. The vast majority of papers dealing with the subject (Bess, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Goncalo, 2009; Kathiravan et al., 2009; Khan & Antiwal, 2009; Jeon et al., 2010) present systems based on RF signal measurements. Multiple ways of solving the problem are technically imaginable, starting with those using the signals emitted by the nodes of a common WLAN / Wi−Fi wireless network (Bal et al., 2009; Clulow et al., 2006; Kaemarungsi & Krishnamurthy, 2004; Kushki et al., 2006; Kwon & Song, 2008; Tsui et al., 2010; Yousef & Agrawala, 2005), continuing with RFID systems, WSN networks and finishing with proprietary solutions derived from one of the above, where specialized nodes with one or more coordinators are deployed over the desired locating area (Bahl & Padmanabhan, 2000; Baunach et al. 2007; Chang et al. 2011; Coca et al. 2008; Dai & Su, 2008; Koyuncu & Yang, 2010). RFID tags are the main factor of progress in identification application development. There are more than 40 year from the first generation (Finkenzeller, 2003), equipped with passive components where the energy is captured from the radio−frequency field generated by the reader, to the third generation where the energy supplied by a battery is used to power a microcontroller and one or several on−board sensors. In terms of price, in 2011 the passive tags may be found at prices as low as 0.05 USD each, whereas the active RFID tags equipped with complex sensors and low−power microcontrollers may cost as much as 100 USD a piece (Harrop, 2008). From the point of view of RFID tag structure, the changes are obviously influenced by the progress in semiconductors technology. The software for the reader and applications evolved also on the same trend. For the Generation 1 UHF tags, manufacturers provide hardware with their own protocols. Therefore, tags from one specific manufacturer would only work with the RFID reader from the same manufacturer. From the point of view of users, this represents a major limitation and for large-scale implementations, single supplier solutions are not acceptable. Generation 2, the second-generation RFID UHF tags, developed in order to establish a standard for RFID tags, used by the big retailer inventory applications

Third Generation Active RFID from the Locating Applications Perspective