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1.1 Basic property of carbon nanotube Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylinders of graphene which is a single planar sheet of sp2bonded carbon atoms. From their unique structures, they exhibit several novel properties, such as high strength, high performance in electrical and thermal conductors, etc. Therefore, since the discovery by Iijima in 1991 (Iijima, 1991), CNTs have been one of the hottest topics in both physics and material science. Mainly, their structures are specified with four parameters; the number of walls, diameter, length and chirality. Dependent of the number of walls, CNTs are categorized as single-walled nantoubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) and SWNT structure can be specified uniquely with a chiral vector Ch = na1 + ma2 (n, m are integers, 0 ≤ │m│ ≤ n) defined relative to the two-dimensional graphene sheet (Saito et al., 1998). Figure 1 shows the graphene honeycomb lattice. The unit cell is spanned by the two vectors a1 and a2 and contains two carbon atoms, where the basis vectors of length a0 = 0.246 nm form an angle of 60o. The chiral vector Ch can be expressed by these two vectors a1 and a2, and it corresponds to a section of the SWNT perpendicular to the nanotube axis. In Fig. 1, the chiral vector Ch = 6a1 + 3a2 of an (6, 3) tube is shown. The translation vector, T, which is parallel to the nanotube axis and is normal to the chiral vector Ch in the unrolled honeycomb lattice is also shown and it can be expressed in terms of the basis vectors a1 and a2 as, T = 4a1 – 5a2. The electronic structure of a SWNT is determined by these two indices (n, m) and the SWNTs could be semiconductors and metals, depending on them. For example, metallic CNTs show the relation, n – m = 3q, with q being an integer. The diameter of a SWNT, d, is also specified with these chiral indices as,

Initial Growth Process of Carbon Nanotubes in Surface Decomposition of SiC