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A fundamental question of interest is “What are the geographic patterns of the renewable wind resources?” Knowledge of the location of local wind capacity remains vital to the industry, yet commercially viable renewable-related geospatial products that meet the needs of the wind and weather science industries are often suspect. There are three stages involved with wind power project planning and operations during which accurate characterization of the wind plays a critical role: • Prospecting (Siting): uses historical data, retrospective forecasts, and statistical methods to identify potential sites for wind power projects; • Site Assessment (Micrositing): determines the placement of a wind power project; and, • Operations: uses wind forecasts to determine available power output for hour-ahead and day-ahead time frames. The most critical of these is the first – identifying and characterizing the resource. This chapter will discuss this first stage in detail, outlining the state of the art in understanding the wind resource, and discussing the strengths and weaknesses of existing methods. For example, appropriate statistical and modeling methods to compute the wind speed probability density function (PDF) will be described and critically examined. In addition, although there has been an increasing awareness of renewable energy as a viable energy supply source, there has not been a concomitant increase in the awareness of the impacts that any spatial and temporal trends in the resource (e.g., in the wind speeds themselves) may have on long-term production, use, and implementation of renewable energy and renewable energy policy. Thus, potential changes of the wind field under a changing climate will also be discussed. As will be described in more detail below, the main topics under examination in this paper are: 1) accurate portrayal of the resource; and 2) potential implications of climate change on the wind resource of the future. The overall result will be an improved understanding of how the siting process works.

Advanced Wind Resource Characterization and Stationarity analysis for Improved Wind Farm Siting