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The aim of this chapter is to provide a systematic description of the measurements of total evapotranspiration and transpiration of selected agricultural crops and weeds, results of investigation, and perspectives of these methods for agricultural usage. This study provides a contribution towards increased knowledge on the consumptive water use of arable crops and weeds within the temperate climatic zone under specified weather conditions and actual crop structure given by biometric observation. The water consumption of plants represents a significant part of the landscape water balance (Merta et al. 2001). An important factor influencing the water balance of the plant stands on agricultural soil and thereby in the countryside is the species composition of phytocoenosis. Within the framework of phytocoenosis, the cultivated plants and weeds take share in influencing the water balance (Pivec & Brant 2009). Competition between plants to capture the resources essential to plant growth (i.e. light, water and nutrients) is one of the key processes determining the performance of natural, semi-natural and agricultural ecosystems (Kropff & van Laar, 1993). The issue of evapotranspiration and transpiration demands of field crops is a subject of intensive study especially in arid and semi-arid areas. In terms of eliminating the negative impact of agriculture on the environment and in terms of increasing the efficiency of the production systems, its monitoring is important for the temperate climate as well.

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Evapotranspiration and Transpiration Measurements in Crops and Weed Species by the Bowen Ratio and Sapflow Methods Under the Rainless Region Conditions