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1.1 BaTiO3 and Ba(Zr,Ti)O3 Barium titanate has recently attracted attention due to the demand for lead-free piezoelectrics. Barium titanate ceramics prepared by microwave sintering (Takahashi et al., 2006, 2008) or two-step sintering (Karaki et al., 2007) with fine grains approximately 1 μm in size show excellent piezoelectric properties. These high piezoelectric properties are considered to be due to the small grain size. It is well known that the suppression of grain growth results in low-density samples by conventional sintering. Therefore, spark plasma sintering (SPS) was applied in the present study. Zr-doped BaTiO3 (BZT) ceramics are interesting materials that exhibit linear field-induced strain for actuator applications. We have previously reported the microstructure and the dielectric and electromechanical properties of these materials in thin film form (Maiwa et al., 2010); however, a characterization of the ceramic BZT with fine grains has not yet been carried out.

Preparation and Properties of BaTiO3 and Ba(Zr,Ti)O3 Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering