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In recent years, considerable effort has been put into the design and fabrication of onedimensional nanomaterials such as nanorods and nanowires with functional properties. As reviewed in other Chapters, a wide variety of nanowires including inorganic and organic materials have been fabricated and their functional properties have been examined. Additionally, it is important to obtain nanostructures with a specific size and morphology for expanding the applications of one dimensional nanomaterials. Therefore, the control of the shape of nanowires is one of the most important topics in the current research on nanomaterials. In particular, there is an increasing interest in methods to fabricate hollow nanostructures because their unique shape makes them applicable as delivery vehicles, fillers as well as for catalysis, and is expected to bring about changes in chemical, physical, and catalytic properties. The recent progress in synthesis and applications of hollow nanomaterials including nantoubes has been already reviewed (Fan at al., 2007; Lou et al., 2008; An & Hyeon, 2009). In general, the most popular concept of methods to fabricate hollow nanostructures can be recognized as the combination of templating, coating and chemical etching. By coating the surface of the template nanowires and removing the template by chemical etching, a wide variety of materials with hollow structures have been successfully synthesized. For example, GaN nanotubes were fabricated through the preparation of ZnO/GaN core/shell structures and the subsequent removal of ZnO nanowires, as shown in Fig. 1 (Goldberger et al., 2003). The arrays of ZnO nanowires were grown on (110) sapphire wafers using a vapour deposition process and then GaN chemical vapor was deposited epitaxially on the ZnO nanowire arrays placed inside a reaction tube. The core part of ZnO can be removed from ZnO/GaN wires by chemical etching with ammonia at high temperature or thermal reduction at high temperatures (for example, 873 K in H2). The synthesis of Zn3P2, Cd3P2 (Shen et al., 2006) and Al2O3 (Ras et al., 2008) nanotubes based on templating and etching method were also reported.

Application of the Kirkendall Effect to Morphology Control of Nanowires: Morphology Change from Metal Nanowires to Oxide Nanotubes