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Ultra wideband (UWB) radio is a promising technology for short range wireless communications. It can be used for both high rate and low rate transmissions. High data rate can be achieved by using multiband (MB)-UWB approach whereas low data rate with robust system performance can be obtained by employing time hopping (TH)-UWB radio systems Majhi et al. (2006); Win & Scholtz (1998a). Nowadays, applications of UWB are spreading to various fields such as vehicle communications, wireless sensor networks, ad hoc wireless networks, and controller area networks. The most of the systems require low to moderate (1 kbs-100 mbs) data rates with an acceptable implementation cost. However, due to the presence of fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse FFT (IFFT), MB-UWB may not be a cost effective procedure for low data rate systems. Therefore, one needs an efficient system which adaptively changes the data rate from low to moderate with robust system performance. TH-UWB with OOK-PSM modulation provides low data rate with robust system performance Majhi, Madhukumar, Premkumar & Richardson (2008). However, it is possible to scale the TH-UWB radio system for low to moderate data rates by incorporating higher level modulation schemes with an adaptive method. For TH-UWB systems, various M-ary modulation schemes such as pulse positionmodulation (PPM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse shape modulation (PSM), and their combined forms have been proposed to improve data rates and system performance with low complexities Bin et al. (2003); Durisi & Benedetto (2003); Ghavami et al. (2002); Michell et al. (2003); Usuda et al. (2004). However, due to the increase of inter symbol interference (ISI) in the presence of multipath channel, M-ary PPM or M-ary orthogonal PPM (OPPM) are not effective for TH-UWB systems with RAKE reception when M is high Foerster (2003); Win & Scholtz (1998b). High-level M-ary PAM is rarely used in short range and low power consumption communications systems Guvenc & Arslan (2003). This is because that the Euclidian distances between constellations become small with increase in M. Due to its robustness against ISI and multiple access interference (MAI), pulse-based modulation such as PSM has become an interesting research topic in TH-UWB, direct sequence UWB (DS-UWB) and transmitted referenceUWB (TR-UWB) radio systemsChu M de Abrue et al. (2003); Gezici et al. (2006); Hwang et al. (2007); Kim & Womack (2007); Parr et al. (2003). However, high-level M-ary PSM cannot be used due to the limited auto correlation properties 2

Orthogonal Pulse-Based Modulation Schemes for Time Hopping Ultra Wideband Radio Systems