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The development of convenient methodologies for simultaneous detection of specific multiDNAs and antigens in biological and environmental samples has received broad attention because their detection, identification and quantification are very complex, expensive and time consuming (Abu-Salah et al., 2010; Strehlitz et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2009). Over the past 30 years, biosensors, namely the devices incorporating biological sensing elements either intimately connected to or integrated within transducers, have been designed and fabricated to find effective solutions to these problems, which offer certain operational advantages over other traditional methods, notably with respect to rapidity, ease-of-use, low cost, simplicity, portability, and ease of mass manufacture (Cooper, 2002; Turner, 2000; Turner et al., 1987). The fundamental prerequisite of biosensors depends on specific molecular recognition based on affinity between complementary structures such as enzymesubstrate, antibody-antigen, receptor-hormone, and so forth (Zhang et al., 2009). This specific recognition gives rise to the production of concentration–proportional signals. Up to date, some biosensors have been commercialized for some special applications like blood glucose and lactate measurement or bioprocess control, amongst others. However, they have not still entered the market as much as expected, which is caused by the following reasons: (1) the selectivity and specificity of biosensor highly depends on biological recognition systems (Spichiger-Keller, 1998); (2) the sensitivity detection limit is difficult to achieve trace levels, even the single molecular detection (Sheehan and Whitman, 2005); (3) High throughput assay is desired to simultaneously process multiple samples (Sittampalam et al., 1997); (4) the biological recognition elements of the biosensor (e.g. enzymes, antibodies or cells) are usually instable (So et al., 2005). With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, a series of novel nanomaterials with controlled size and morphologies are being fabricated, their novel properties are being gradually discovered with difference from their corresponding bulk materials, and the applications of nanomaterials in biosensors have also made great advances (Jianrong et al., 2004; Kumar, 2007; Pandey et al., 2008). Nanomaterials can be made from both inorganic and organic materials and are less than 100 nm in length along

Simultaneous Detection of Multi-DNAs and Antigens Based on Self-Assembly of Quantum Dots and Carbon Nanotubes